Aumento do trabalho miocárdico desperdiçado como indicador de lesão coronariana significativa / Increased wasted myocardial work as an indicator of significant coronary lesion

Introdução: A avaliação dos índices de trabalho miocárdico global em condições basais pode ser útil para a estratificação clínica de pacientes com suspeita de obstrução coronariana. Objetivo: Correlacionar o valor do índice de trabalho miocárdico global e a presença de lesões obstrutivas coronarianas significativas. Método: Estudo transversal, com pacientes encaminhados para cinecoronarioangiografia eletiva. Foi realizado ecocardiograma com obtenção das medidas para cálculo do valor do trabalho miocárdico, sendo avaliada a presença de lesões obstrutivas coronarianas significativas à cinecoronarioangiografia. Resultados: A amostra foi composta de 30 pacientes, com a idade média de 64,2±12,8 anos, sendo a maioria do sexo masculino (63,3%), dos quais 68,4% apresentaram lesões obstrutivas coronarianas significativas. O índice de trabalho miocárdico global foi de 1.876mmHg%±253,8 no grupo com lesões obstrutivas coronarianas significativas e de 2.054,2mmHg%±417,3 naqueles sem lesões significativas (p=0,089). O trabalho miocárdio construtivo global nos pacientes sem lesões obstrutivas coronarianas significativas foi maior (2.329,3mmHg%±462,9) do que naqueles com lesões obstrutivas coronarianas significativas (2.109,5mmHg%±332,3; p=0,064). O trabalho miocárdio desperdiçado global foi maior nos pacientes com lesões obstrutivas coronarianas significativas (103,7mmHg%±47,1 versus 68,3mmHg%±33,8; p=0,038). O ponto de corte de 115mmHg% foi aquele com a melhor área sob a curva (0,625), com sensibilidade de 83,3%. Conclusão: O aumento do trabalho miocárdio desperdiçado global se correlacionou com a presença de lesões obstrutivas coronarianas significativas em nossa amostra.(AU)

Introduction: The assessment of global myocardial work indices under baseline conditions may be useful for the clinical stratification of patients with suspected coronary obstruction. Objective: To correlate the value of global myocardial work indices and the presence of significant obstructive coronary lesions. Method: Cross-sectional study, with patients referred for elective coronary angiography. An echocardiogram was performed to obtain measurements to calculate the value of myocardial work and evaluated the presence or presence of significant obstructive coronary lesions at coronary angiography. Results: The sample consisted of 30 patients, with a mean age of 64.2±12.8 years, the majority being male (63.3%), of which 68.4% had significant obstructive coronary lesions. The global myocardial work indices was 1,876mmHg%±253.8 in the group with significant obstructive coronary lesions and 2,054.2mmHg%±417.3 in those without significant lesions (p=0.089). Global constructive myocardial work in patients without significant obstructive coronary lesions was higher (2,329.3mmHg%±462.9) than in those with significant obstructive coronary lesions (2,109.5mmHg%±332.3; p=0.064). Global wasted myocardial work was higher in patients with significant obstructive coronary lesions (103.7mmHg%±47.1 versus 68.3mmHg%±33.8; p=0.038). The cutoff point of 115 mmHg% was the one with the best area under the curve (0.625), with a sensitivity of 83.3%. Conclusion: The increase in global wasted myocardial work correlated with the presence of significant obstructive coronary lesions in our sample. (AU)

A dedicated stitch to allow early safe mobilization avoiding drain-induced heart injury

Abstract Placement of a mediastinal drain is a routine procedure following heart surgery. Postoperative bed rest is often imposed due to the fear of potential risk of drain displacement and cardiac injury. We developed an encapsulating stitch as a feasible, effective and low-cost technique, which does not require advanced surgical skills for placement. This simple, novel approach compartmentalizes the drain allowing for safe early mobilization following cardiac surgery.

Heart injury with projectile lodged inside the heart

Abstract Penetrating heart injuries present high mortality rates. Increasing rates of urban violence have contributed to a significant rise in the number of heart injuries by firearm projectiles. Such injuries are associated with the highest mortality rates among penetrating cardiac injuries and may involve one or more cardiac chambers. We present the case of a police officer who, in an approach to five robbers, suffered a transfixed cardiac injury by firearm with the projectile having been lodged inside the right ventricle. This patient was successfully operated, 65 days after the injury, at our institution.

Rupture of Right Ventricular Free Wall Following Ventricular Septal Rupture in Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy with Right Ventricular Involvement

Most patients diagnosed with takotsubo cardiomyopathies are expected to almost completely recover, and their prognosis is excellent. However, complications can occur in the acute phase. We present a case of a woman with takotsubo cardiomyopathy with right ventricular involvement who developed a rupture of the right ventricular free wall following ventricular septal rupture, as a consequence of an acute increase in right ventricular afterload by left-to-right shunt. Our case report illustrates that takotsubo cardiomyopathy can be life threatening in the acute phase. Ventricular septal rupture in biventricular takotsubo cardiomyopathy may be a harbinger of cardiac tamponade by right ventricular rupture.

Use of Bovine Pericardium and Sutureless Biological Glue in Left Ventricular Rupture After Mitral Valve Replacement, Five Years of Follow-up

ABSTRACT Rupture of the left ventricular wall after mitral valve replacement is an infrequent but lethal complication. Reporting correction technique of ventricular rupture with bovine pericardium patch secured with glue and without suturing: a 51 years-old female patient, with double rheumatic mitral lesion, severe stenosis and discrete insufficiency, who had a mitral valve replacement. During surgery, the patient presented a ventricular rupture of the posterior wall (atrioventricular disruption), which was successfully repaired using bovine pericardium with sutureless biological glue over the epicardium of the damaged area. Sixty months after surgery the patient has no symptoms.

Left ventricular rupture postmitral valve replacement: Surviving a catastrophe.

One of the dreaded mechanical complications of mitral valve replacement (MVR) is rupture of the left ventricle (LV). This report describes the early diagnosis and successful repair of rupture of posterior wall of LV in an elderly patient who underwent MVR. We have discussed the risk factors and perioperative issues implicated in such complication. The anesthesiologist as an intra‑operative echocardiographer can aid in identifying the patient at risk. Though important surgical steps are necessary to prevent the complication; nonetheless, the anesthesiologist needs to take key measures in the perioperative period.

Spontaneous Obliteration of Right Ventricular Pseudoaneurysm after Blunt Chest Trauma: Diagnosis and Follow-Up with Multidetector CT

Right ventricular (RV) pseudoaneurysm caused by trauma is very rare. We report a case of RV pseudoaneurysm which resolved without surgical treatment in a patient who survived a falling accident. Echocardiography failed to identify the pseudoaneurysm. Electrocardiography-gated CT showed a 17-mm-sized saccular pseusoaneurysm arsing from the RV outflow tract with a narrow neck. Follow-up CT after two months showed spontaneous obliteration of the lesion.

Percutaneous closure of a post-traumatic ventricular septal defect with a patent ductus arteriosus occluder

OBJECTIVE: Ventricular septal defects resulting from post-traumatic cardiac injury are very rare. Percutaneous closure has emerged as a method for treating this disorder. We wish to report our experience in three patients who underwent percutaneous closure of a post-traumatic ventricular septal defect with a patent ductus arteriosus occluder. METHODS: We treated three patients with post-traumatic ventricular septal defects caused by stab wounds with knives. After the heart wound was repaired, patient examinations revealed ventricular septal defects with pulmonary/systemic flow ratios (Qp/Qs) of over 1.7. The post-traumatic ventricular septal defects were closed percutaneously with a patent ductus arteriosus occluder (Lifetech Scientific (Shenzhen) Co., LTD, Guangdong, China) utilizing standard techniques. RESULTS: Post-operative transthoracic echocardiography revealed no residual left-to-right shunt and indicated normal ventricular function. In addition, 320-slice computerized tomography showed that the occluder was well placed and exhibited normal morphology. CONCLUSION: Our experiences indicate that closure of a post-traumatic ventricular septal defect using a patent ductus arteriosus occluder is feasible, safe, and effective.

Trauma penetrante cardiaco tratado en el Hospital Territorial Docente Pedro Betancourt, Municipio Jovellanos, 2004: reporte de un caso / Penetrating cardiac trauma treated at the teaching Territorial Hospital Pedro Betancourt, Municipality of Jovellanos, 2004: report of a case

Los traumas penetrantes cardiacos constituyen uno de los cuadros más dramáticos que pueden presentarse en la sala de urgencia por su alta letalidad, sólo un rápido traslado al centro asistencial, un diagnóstico precoz y una toracotomía de urgencia, puede aumentar la supervivencia. Se presentó un paciente operado en el Hospital Territorial Docente Pedro Betancourt, de Jovellanos, en mayo del 2004, de una herida ventricular izquierda, logrando su supervivencia...

Penetrating cardiac trauma is one of the most dramatic features that could assist the urgency service because of its high lethality. Only a fast delivery of the patient to a health care institution, a precocious diagnostic and an urgent thoracotomy might increase survival. We present a patient operated in the Teaching Territorial Hospital Pedro Betancourt, Jovellanos, in May 2004, for a left ventricular injury, achieving his survival...

Evaluación ecocardiográfica de origen anómalo de una rama arterial pulmonar desde la porción ascendente de la aorta (hemitruncus) / Echocardiographic evaluation of the anomalous origin of the pulmunary arterial branch from the ascending portion of the aorta (hemitruncus)

El origen anómalo de una de las ramas pulmonares desde la aorta ascendente en vez de ocurrir desde el tronco pulmonar, también conocido como hemitruncus constituye una singularidad cardiovascular congénita muy rara, pues ocurre en aproximadamente 0,05% de todas las forma de cardiopatías congénitas (¹). En la forma más frecuente depresentación de este defecto la rama pulmonar derecha (RPD) emerge directamente de la aorta ascendente en un 70%-80% de los casos (²). La ecocardiografía con Doppler color es el método de mayor utilidad para realizar el diagnóstico, los cortes apicales, paresternales y subcostales en eje corto de grandes vasos así como las visiones supraesternales longitudinales son esenciales para conseguir una completa evaluación del defecto. Presentamos una secuencia de imágenes ecocardiográficas de una paciente que es referida tardíamente a nuestro centro para evaluación cardiológica con historia de cianosis desde el nacimiento, fatiga y episodios repetidos de hemoptisis que resultó ser portadora de un origen anómalo de rama derecha de arterial pulmonar emergiendo desde la aorta ascendente y que desarrolló hipertensión arterial pulmonar en rangos suprasistémicos con resistencia vascular pulmonar también muy elevada.

Anomalous origin of one pulmonary branch from the ascending aorta rather than occurring from the pulmonary trunk, also known as hemitruncus is a very rare congenital cardiovascular entity, which occurs in approximately 0.05% of all forms of congenital heart disease (¹). In the most common presentation of this defect, the right pulmonary branch (RPB) emerges directly from the ascending aorta in 70%-80% of cases (²). Color Doppler echocardiography is the most useful method to establish the diagnosis. Apical, subcostal, and parasternal short axis views of the great vessels and longitudinal suprasternal views are essential for a complete assessment of the defect. We present a sequence of echocardiographic images of a patient referred late to our center for a cardiac evaluation with a history of cyanosis from birth, fatigue and repeated episodes of hemoptysis that resulted from having an anomalous origin of the right pulmonary artery branch emerging from the ascending aorta with development of pulmonary arterial hypertension exceeding systemic levels along with very high pulmonary vascular resistance.

Traumatic left anterior descending coronary artery-right ventricle fistula: a case report

Traumatic coronary artery-cameral fistulas [TCAF] are rare and may present secondary to penetrating injuries [80%] or iatrogenic traumas. Early operative intervention remains the recommended treatment modality for accidental traumatic coronary artery fistulas. We report the case of a 17-year-old man who presented with left anterior descending coronary artery-right ventricle fistula following penetrating cardiac trauma, which was successfully repaired surgically

Perfuração tardia de ventrículo direito em portador de cardioversor desfibrilador implantável / Delayed right ventricular perforation in patient with implantable cardioverter - defibrillator / Perforación tardía de VD en portador de DCI

Descrevemos o caso de uma paciente de 62 anos que retornou para avaliação nove meses após implante de cardioversor desfibrilador implantável (CDI) com sinais de perfuração tardia do ventrículo direito. São discutidos os sinais clínicos que permitem o diagnóstico dessa apresentação tardia, assim como as condutas e a frequência dessa complicação na literatura.

We describe the case of a 62-year-old patient who returned for evaluation nine months after receiving an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) with signs of delayed right ventricular (RV) perforation. The clinical signs that allowed the diagnosis of this late presentation to be achieved are discussed herein, as well as the conduct and the frequency of this complication in the literature.

Describimos un caso de una mujer de 62 años que regresó para evaluación nueve meses después de implantación de un desfibrilador cardiaco implantable (DCI) con signos de perforación tardía del ventrículo derecho. Se discuten los signos clínicos que permitan el diagnóstico de esta presentación tardía, así como el comportamiento y la frecuencia de esta complicación en la literatura.

Longterm remission of left posterior fascicular ventricular tachycardia due to mechanical trauma / Remisión espontánea de una taquicardia fascicular posterior izquierda paroxística causada por trauma mecánico. Informe de un caso

We present a case of a 28 year old woman with paroxysmal left posterior fascicular ventricular tachycardia (LPFVT). Ventricular tachycardia was not inducible after completing of left ventricle 3D reconstruction. Even though catheter ablation was not performed, no LPFVT recurrence has been documented during 60 months’ follow-up. We surmise that we caused mechanical trauma during the mapping of the posterior fascicle that damaged arrhythmogenic structures and subsequently led to long term remission of the left posterior fascicular ventricular tachycardia.

Presentamos una mujer de 28 años, portadora de una taquicardia fascicular posterior izquierda paroxística que no pudo ser inducida después de completar una reconstrucción en tres dimensiones del ventrículo izquierdo. A pesar no haber efectuado una ablación por electrofulguración, la taquicardia no ha reaparecido después de 60 meses de seguimiento. Suponemos que causamos un trauma mecánico durante el mapeo del fascículo posterior, que dañó las estructuras arritmogénicas. Esto llevó a una remisión a largo plazo de la arritmia.

Efectos de las dietas enriquecidas con margarina sobre el cronotropismo auricular y la potenciación posreposo ventrícular derecha de ratas sprague-dawley / Effects of diets enriched margarine on the headset and empowerment chronotropism posreposo right ventricle of Sprague-Dawley

La margarina es fuente de ácidos grasos saturados (AGS), insaturados y trans (AGT) en la dieta diaria, estos son incorporados en los fosfolípidos de las membranas celulares. Nos planteamos un estudio experimental de los efectos de los AGS y AGT de la margarina en la cinética de potenciación posreposo ventricular derecha y el cronotropismo auricular en corazón de rata. Tres grupos de ratas Sprague-Dawley recibieron alimento estándar enriquecido con aceite de soya o margarina, respectivamente, por 4 semanas. Se estudió el cronotropismo auricular utilizando dosis crecientes de Epinefrina y en ventrículo derecho, la fuerza de estado estable y la potenciación post-reposo en presencia y ausencia de Verapamil. Las dietas enriquecidas con margarina disminuyeron significativamente (P<0,05) la fuerza contráctil del estado estable y la cinética de potenciación post-reposo en comparación a las otras dietas mientras que no se encontró diferencias en el cronotropismo auricular

Margarine is a source of saturated fatty acids (SFA), unsaturated and trans (TFA) in daily diet, these are incorporated into the cell membranes phospholipids. We considered an experimental study about the effects of margarine’s SFA and TFA on the right ventricle post-rest potentiation kinetics and atrial chronotropism in rat heart. Three groups of Sprague- Dawley rats received standard food enriched with soybean oil or margarine, respectively, for 4 weeks. We studied the atrial chronotropism using increasing doses of epinephrine and in right ventricle, steady-state force and post-rest potentiation in presence and absence of Verapamil. Margarine-enriched diets significantly reduced (p<0,05) contractile force in steady-state and post-rest potentiation kinetics in comparison to other diets, while no differences were found in atrial chronotropism

Cierre espontáneo de fístula residual post cierre quirúrgico de fístula aorto-ventricular derecha traumática: Caso clínico / Spontaneous closure of a residual fistula after surgical closure of a traumatic aorto-right ventricular fístula: Report of one case

We report a 16-year-old boy, who suffered a right vent ride penetrating injury caused by a sharp blade that evolved to cardiac tampon. He underwent surgery and was discharged four days later. Thirteen days later, a cardiac murmur was found. An echocardiography showed an aorta-right ventricular fistula. Surgical closure was performed through an aortotomy on cardiopulmonary by pass. The control echocardiography showed a small residual fistula, which closed spontaneously three months later.

Delayed presentation of right and left ventricle perforation due to suicidal nail gun injury.

We describe a case of delayed presentation of attempted suicide with a nail gun that penetrated both the right and left ventricle. Nearly invisible entry point of the nail did not reflect the gravity of the injury. A prompt and accurate history along with chest X-ray and bedside transthoracic echocardiography facilitated localization of the nails and helped assess the damage. Despite cardiac arrest after induction of general anesthesia, the patient had a successful outcome. Issues related to the injury site, modalities of investigation and management strategies in a patient with cardiac tamponade are discussed.

Cuerpo extraño penetrante en el ventrículo izquierdo con evolución crónica inadvertida / Penetrating foreign body in the left ventricle with undetected chronic evolution

Penetrating cardiac trauma constitutes a serious threat for life. Less than the third part of all patients who suffer it arrives at the hospital alive, and half of them die. Most of the penetrating foreign bodies in the heart are metallic, and are frequently caused by firearms and rarely by self-injury. The accidental penetration is uncommon but inadvertent penetration is extremely rare. We present the case of a patient who suffered a closed-chest trauma and did not notice the penetration of a foreign body (copper wire fragment) in the heart. It remained lodged in the left ventricle for more than 3 months. This it is the only case reported in the literature where a strange body: a) crosses the free wall of the right ventricle, the right ventricular cavity, interventricular septum, and the mitral valve apparatus; b) occupies almost all the anteroposterior diameter of the heart, and c) did not produce acute or chronic bleeding.